Make no mistake: the Blue Revolution has begun and is needed. What remains to be seen is how this revolution will play out. Will aquaculture repeat the mistakes of or learn from the global expansion and intensification of agriculture? Will aquaculture help achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals of eradicating poverty and hunger while ensuring environmental sustainability? Will aquaculture meet the challenge of becoming sustainable while growing exponentially? Answers to these queries will be markedly affected by trajectories set today. Economic, social and ecological perspectives are all needed to frame the issues and guide the decisions.